Gum disease is an inflammation of the gums that can progress to affect the bone that surrounds and supports your teeth. It is caused by the bacteria in plaque, a sticky, colourless film that constantly forms on your teeth. If not removed through daily brushing and flossing, plaque can build up and the bacteria infects not only your gums and teeth, but also eventually the gum tissue and bone that support the teeth. This is why it is ver important to visit your dental hygienist every year, preferably twice, if you want to remove this build up and preserve your teeth, or else the teeth can become loose, fall out or have to be removed by a dentist.
There are three stages of gum disease:
- Gingivitis: This is the earliest stage of gum disease, an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque build-up at the gum line. If daily brushing and flossing do not remove the plaque, it produces toxins (poisons) that can irritate the gum tissue, causing gingivitis. You may notice some bleeding during brushing and flossing. At this early stage in gum disease, damage can be reversed, since the bone and connective tissue that hold the teeth in place are not yet affected.
- Periodontitis: At this stage, the supporting bone and fibres that hold your teeth in place are irreversibly damaged. Your gums may begin to form a pocket below the gum line, which traps food and plaque. Proper dental treatment including regular hygienist visits and improved home care can usually help prevent further damage.
- Advanced Periodontitis: In this final stage of gum disease, the fibres and bone supporting your teeth are destroyed, which can cause your teeth to shift or loosen. This can affect your bite and, if aggressive, treatment can’t save them, and teeth may need to be removed.
Thorough Periodontal Examination Video
The Symptoms of Gum Disease
- Gums that are red, puffy or swollen, or tender
- Gums that bleed during brushing or flossing
- Teeth that look longer because your gums have receded
- Gums that have separated, or pulled away, from your teeth, creating a pocket
- Changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
- Pus coming from between your teeth and gums
- Constant bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth
Prevention of Gum Disease
The early stages of gum disease can often be reversed with proper brushing and flossing. Good oral health and regular check ups will help keep plaque from building up.